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本文首先从立法进程、法律主体、成文法的保护对象、受管辖的“个人数据处理”及数据出口限制、登记程序、法律救济等六个方面比较了美国、欧盟的隐私权法律制度。随着DNA身份识别技术、基因诊断技术的发展,我国将不得不确立隐私权——这个最后的个人权利屏障。为了避免隐私权保护的制度性缺失在生物技术时代广泛地扭曲私法秩序,我国现在应当迅速构建一套基本的隐私权法律制度。该制度需要解决三个主要问题。1.立法形式上,我国应当采用欧盟模式:首先制订统一的《数据保护法》,然后渐次制订各类文化系统上的数据保护法。但是,立法应当坚持私法自治原则,应当把隐私权确认为一种消极权利。2.为了保护自由权、独处权等隐私权利,同时,为了维系私人发现和主张权利诉求的主观能力,我国应当引进判例法制度。3.我国人事档案制度对隐私权的侵害最为严重。我国数据保护法应当首先为相关的数据主体提供进入权利,而且应当为数据主体“观点、动机的表达与暗示”等非事实性个人数据、数据主体的“敏感个人数据”等提供特殊保护。
This article first compares the privacy laws of the United States and the EU from six aspects: the legislative process, the subject of law, the object of protection of written law, the “personal data processing” under the jurisdiction, the data export restrictions, the registration procedures and legal remedies. With the development of DNA identification technology and genetic diagnosis technology, our country will have to establish the privacy right - this last personal rights barrier. In order to avoid the systematic lack of privacy protection, which widely distorts the private law order in the era of biotechnology, our country should now quickly establish a basic set of privacy law system. The system needs to address three major issues. 1. In the legislative form, our country should adopt the EU model. First, we should formulate a uniform “Data Protection Law” and then gradually formulate data protection laws on various cultural systems. However, the legislation should adhere to the principle of self-government of private law and should confirm the right of privacy as a negative right. 2. In order to protect the right of privacy, solitude and other privacy rights, at the same time, in order to maintain the subjective ability to privately discover and claim rights, our country should introduce the case law system. 3. The system of personnel files in our country has the most serious impact on privacy rights. China's data protection law should first provide the right to enter the relevant data subjects, and should be provided for non-factual personal data such as data subject “opinions and motivations ” and “sensitive personal data ” of the data subject Special protection