注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是常见的儿童神经精神疾病,以注意力缺陷、多动和冲动行为为主要特征。执行功能缺陷被认为是ADHD的核心问题,主要存在反应抑制、厌恶延迟、时间知觉和工作记忆(working memory,WM)4个方面的异常。WM的缺陷似乎是最重要的核心问题,罹及的主要环节是视空间工作记忆。从新近研究来看,ADHD的WM缺陷可能是额叶抑制功能缺陷的基础。 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by attention deficit hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Performing functional deficits is considered to be a central issue in ADHD, with four major abnormalities of response suppression, delay of aversion, time perception and working memory (WM). WM’s defect seems to be the most important core issue, the main part of which is the working memory of the space. From a recent study, the WM deficiency of ADHD may be the basis of the defect in frontal lobe inhibition.