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目的探索运动干预改善陕西藏族初中学生身心健康的效果,为促进内地藏族学生的身心健康提供实证依据。方法随机抽取陕西省浐灞第一中学初一和初二的藏族学生160名为实验对象,男、女生各80名,分为2个实验班和2个对照班。实验内容以藏族传统舞蹈、篮球、足球和身体素质练习等为主,运动强度控制在靶心率范围内,干预每次40min,每周3次,共12周;对照组不进行任何干预。结果 12周的运动干预后,实验组藏族男生的50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、1 000 m跑和引体向上的成绩分别由8.4 s,176.7 cm,5.6 cm,289 s,0.53次提高到8.0 s,193.2 cm,7.2 cm,282 s,1.68次,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。实验组藏族女生的肺活量体重指数、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈和仰卧起坐等分别由40.8,9.2 s,157.6 cm,15.3 cm,25.2次提高到46.4,8.8 s,167.7 cm,19.1 cm,31.6次,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。运动干预能够提升藏族初中学生的活力激发和积极投入等情绪,干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论持续12周的运动干预能明显改善陕西藏族初中生的身体功能,增强身体素质,唤醒积极的情绪体验。
Objective To explore the effect of exercise intervention on improving the physical and mental health of Tibetan middle school students in Shaanxi Province and provide evidences for promoting the physical and mental health of Tibetan students in the Mainland. Methods A total of 160 Tibetan students from the first and second days of the First Middle School in Qionglai County, Shaanxi Province were randomly selected as experimental subjects, 80 male and female, divided into two experimental classes and two control classes. The experimental contents are mainly Tibetan traditional dance, basketball, soccer and physical fitness exercises. The exercise intensity is controlled within the range of target heart rate. The intervention is performed for 40 minutes each time and 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The control group does not make any intervention. Results After 12 weeks of exercise intervention, the results of 50 m running, standing long jump, sitting forward flexion, 1000 m running and pull-ups of Tibetan boys in the experimental group were 8.4 s, 176.7 cm, 5.6 cm, 289 s and 0.53 Times increased to 8.0 s, 193.2 cm, 7.2 cm, 282 s, and 1.68 times, all of which were statistically significant (P <0.01). The vital capacity index, 50 m running, standing long jump, sitting flexion and sit-up of Tibetan girls in experimental group increased from 40.8, 9.2 s, 157.6 cm, 15.3 cm and 25.2 to 46.4, 8.8 s, 167.7 cm and 19.1 cm, 31.6 times, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). Exercise intervention can improve the vitality and active participation of Tibetan junior middle school students. The differences were statistically significant before and after intervention (P <0.05). Conclusion The 12-week exercise intervention can significantly improve the physical function, enhance the physical fitness and arouse the positive emotional experience of Shaanxi Tibetan junior middle school students.