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在土石坝施工、蓄水和遭遇地震时,流固耦合作用对土石坝的静动力响应有重要影响,应在计算分析中有所考虑。以糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝为例,选用莫尔–库仑弹塑性模型来描述坝料的力学性质,并采用流固耦合的方法对该坝进行了静动力分析。静力分析中模拟了大坝施工和蓄水过程,然后基于静力分析得到的初始应力场,采用完全耦合的非线性方法研究了大坝的地震动力响应。该分析方法能够更为合理准确地描述土石坝在地震动作用下残余变形的发展及超静孔压的累积和消散过程。计算结果表明:超静孔隙水压力随地震过程逐渐累积,最大值出现在心墙的底部;由于鞭梢效应,加速度放大系数在坝顶处达到最大;水平和竖直方向的永久变形同样都是在坝顶处达到最大值。
In the process of earth-rock dam construction, water storage and earthquakes encountered, the fluid-structure interaction has an important influence on the static and dynamic response of the earth-rockfill dam and should be considered in the calculation and analysis. Take Nuozhadu high core rockfill dam as an example, the Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model was chosen to describe the mechanical properties of the dam material. The static and dynamic analysis of the dam was carried out by means of fluid-structure interaction. The dam construction and water storage process are simulated in the static analysis. Based on the initial stress field obtained from the static analysis, the complete coupled nonlinear method is used to study the dam dynamic response. The analysis method can describe the development of residual deformation of earth-rock dam under earthquake action and the process of accumulation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure more reasonably and accurately. The calculated results show that the pressure of the excess pore water gradually accumulates with the earthquake process, and the maximum value appears at the bottom of the core wall. Due to the whiplash effect, the acceleration amplification factor reaches the maximum at the crest of the dam. The permanent deformation in the horizontal and vertical directions is also in Dam crest to reach the maximum.