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一、工农业产品社会生产价格的决定条件马克思认为,无论是工业还是农业生产,生产过程所需的客观生产条件都可分为两类:一类是机器、设备、厂房、原材料等靠人类的智慧与劳动创造出来的物质生产条件,人们习惯称之为资本,一类是耕地、森林、铁矿、煤层、瀑布等自然赋予的生产条件,人们习惯称之为土地。马克思把前者称作第一类生产条件,后者称作第二类生产条件。工业品的社会生产价格决定于中等水平的生产条件,农产品的的社会生产价格决定于劣等水平的生产条件,这早已成为不容置疑的经济学常识。但我以为,这样表述是很不严密的。
First, the decision-making conditions of the social and agricultural production prices of agricultural products Marx believes that both industrial and agricultural production, the objective production conditions required for the production process can be divided into two categories: one is the machinery, equipment, plants, raw materials, etc. by human Wisdom and labor to create the material conditions of production, people used to call it capital, one is arable land, forests, iron ore, coal, waterfalls and other natural conditions given to the production, people used to call it land. Marx referred to the former as the first type of production conditions, while the latter called the second type of production conditions. The price of social production of industrial products is determined by medium-level production conditions. The prices of social production of agricultural products are determined by inferior production conditions, which has long become an indisputable common sense in economics. But I think it is not very rigorous.