以建立社会主义市场经济新体制为目标的改革正在全国兴起,这为乡镇企业的发展创造了极为难得的体制环境。但同时也应看到,在市场经济的大潮中,乡镇企业也面对着新的竞争对手,或者说面临新的挑战。 社会主义市场经济条件下挑战主要来自两个方面:一,面临新的经营环境的挑战。以前乡镇企业和国营企业、城市集体企业的竞争是商品经济和传统的计划经济之间竞争,是放开手脚和捆住手脚的竞争。国营企业和城市集体企业虽然能够得到国家的计划平价原材料,但由于缺乏生产经营自主权,而使企业缺乏生机和活力。相反,乡镇企业靠其灵活的经营机制和经营手段无孔不入,使国营企业和城市集体企业难以招架。小平同志南巡重要谈话以后,尤其是国务院《关于转换全民所有制工业企业经营机制条例》颁布后,国家逐步缩小或取消对企业的指令性计划,让企业自己根据市场需要,以市场为导向进行生产和经营。政府逐步归还企业的生产经营、劳动用 The reform aimed at establishing a new socialist market economy system is on the rise nationwide and this has created an extremely rare institutional environment for the development of township and village enterprises. However, we should also see that in the tide of the market economy, the township and village enterprises also face new competitors or face new challenges. Under the socialist market economy, the challenges mainly come from two aspects: First, the challenges facing the new business environment. In the past, the competition between township and village enterprises, state-owned enterprises and urban collective enterprises was the competition between the commodity economy and the traditional planned economy. It was a relaxation of arms and hands and feet. Although state-owned enterprises and urban collective enterprises can obtain state-planned parity of raw materials, they lack the vitality and vitality of enterprises due to the lack of autonomy in their production and operation. On the contrary, township and village enterprises rely on their flexible management mechanism and business practices to pervading the state-owned enterprises and urban collective enterprises. After the important talk of Comrade Xiaoping’s southern tour, especially after the promulgation of the State Council’s “Regulations on Operating Mechanism for the Conversion of State-owned Industrial Enterprises”, the state gradually reduced or canceled the mandatory plans for the enterprises and allowed the enterprises themselves to produce according to market needs and market orientation And business. The government will gradually return the production and operation of enterprises and use of labor