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根据电子发射的机理不同,可将微波电子枪分成三类。第一类是LaB_6热阳极微波电子枪,这种电子枪已由Stanford大学的Madey小组成功地用于红外自由电子激光振荡器。第二类是光阴极微波电子枪,其机理是用锁模激光(短至几微微秒)照射光阴极,通过光电效应产生电子。这在现在是一个很受重视的研究课题。第三类是场致发射微波电子枪,其中利用射频场致发射产生电子。这种方案不仅可能用作高亮度注入器,而且可能在大规模集成电路制作等方面获得重要应用。
According to the different mechanism of electron emission, microwave electron guns can be divided into three categories. The first is the LaB_6 thermal anode microwave gun, which was successfully used by the Madey team at Stanford University for infrared free-electron laser oscillators. The second type is a photo-cathode microwave electron gun whose mechanism is to irradiate the photocathode with a mode-locked laser (as short as a few picoseconds) to produce electrons through the photoelectric effect. This is now a very important research topic. The third category is field emission microwave electron guns, in which radio frequency field emission is used to generate electrons. Such a solution may not only be used as a high brightness injector, but may also gain important applications in large-scale integrated circuit fabrication and the like.