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目的了解食品过敏原标识的认知现状并提出建议。方法采用配额抽样法,对中国23个省市318个县/区的消费者(9 719人)、监管部门(6 574人)、食品企业(5 394人)共计21 687人进行食品过敏原标识调查;利用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行分析。结果调查人群对食物过敏原的了解率为68.31%,消费者了解率(58.75%)低于食品安全监管部门(74.55%),食品安全监管部门低于食品企业(77.90%)(均P<0.05);调查人群对于在食品包装上标明食物过敏原信息态度的支持率为63.86%,食品安全监管部门支持率(61.97%)低于食品企业(65.76%)与消费者(64.08%)(χ2=18.370、7.504,P<0.05),而消费者与食品企业的支持率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.273,P>0.05);食品包装上未标明过敏原信息的潜在原因前三位依次为法律法规没有要求(27.53%)、对消费者影响不大(25.93%)以及成本问题(24.63%),其中成本问题在消费者(29.02%)、法律法规没有要求在监管部门(32.39%)、对消费者影响不大在食品企业(29.53%)各居首位原因。结论消费者对食物过敏原了解率最低;食品安全监管部门对标明食品过敏原的支持率最低;食品企业、消费者与食品安全监管部门3方之间存在信息不对称。
Objective To understand the status quo of food allergen identification and make recommendations. Methods Quota sampling was used to identify food allergens for 21 687 consumers (9 719), regulators (6 574) and food enterprises (5 394) in 318 counties / districts in 23 provinces and cities in China. Survey; use SPSS 19.0 software to analyze survey data. Results The rate of understanding of food allergens was 68.31%, the rate of consumers’ awareness (58.75%) was lower than that of food safety regulatory authorities (74.55%), and that of food safety regulatory authorities was lower than that of food enterprises (77.05%) (P0.05 ). The support rate of survey respondents was 63.86% for food allergen information on food packaging, and 61.97% for food safety regulatory authorities (65.76%) and consumers (64.08%) (χ2 = 18.370, 7.504, P <0.05), while there was no significant difference between consumers and food enterprises (χ2 = 4.273, P> 0.05). The top three reasons for allergen information on food packaging were: (27.53%), less impact on consumers (25.93%) and cost (24.63%), of which cost is 29.02% for consumers, laws and regulations do not require regulatory agencies (32.39%), Little impact on consumers in the food business (29.53%), the first reason for each. Conclusion Consumers have the lowest awareness of food allergens; food safety regulators have the lowest support rate for allergens; and information asymmetry exists among food companies, consumers and food safety regulators.