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随着新技术和较纯的试剂的采用,近年发现有些物质在肿瘤细胞内或晚期肿瘤患者血中含量较正常高。这些物质可以作为标志物质,用于肿瘤的诊断、预后和监视疾病的活动性。本文将讨论某些对临床医生较重要的新发现。标志物质的类型形态学高度分化肿瘤的生长类型、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)类型、细胞和核的大小均近似正常,不向周围组织浸润,单用外科治疗预后常良好。分化不良的肿瘤其细胞大小变异较大,DNA多形化,常呈浸润性生长。因为某些泌尿生殖系细胞与周围组织粘连不严重,故其抽吸物的细胞学检查可能比细胞群的病理检查更有
With the adoption of new technologies and relatively pure reagents, it has been found in recent years that the content of some substances in the blood of patients with intratumoral or advanced tumors is higher than normal. These substances can be used as marker substances for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease activity. This article will discuss some of the more important new findings for clinicians. Types of marker substances Morphology Highly differentiated Tumor growth types, DNA types, cell and nucleus sizes are approximately normal, and do not infiltrate into surrounding tissue. Surgical treatment alone is often a good prognostic factor. Malignantly differentiated tumors have large variations in cell size, DNA polymorphism, and often infiltrating growth. Because some urogenital cells do not adhere to the surrounding tissues, cytology of their aspirate may be more important than that of cell populations.