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为探讨我国白菜蔬菜的起源及遗传多样性,克隆、测序白菜类蔬菜不同变种的Chs基因序列。结果表明,白菜类蔬菜Chs基因序列没有大于3 bp的插入/缺失,白菜类蔬菜Chs基因是一个非常保守的基因,揭示出白菜类蔬菜之间遗传差异较小,亲缘关系较近。系统发育树将白菜类蔬菜分成2个分支:第1分支包括山东白菜、塌棵菜、雅安白菜、紫菜苔、重庆白菜和伊犁野生油菜,相对较进化;第2分支包括广西菜心、青菜、雅安黄油菜、芜菁和涪陵野生油菜,相对较原始。网状支系分析没有显示明显的星状结构,说明所选材料中没有白菜类蔬菜进化的共同祖先。网状进化式样分析表明供试的白菜类蔬菜间不仅存在树状的进化关系,还存在大量的非树状进化史。研究结果支持白菜起源的“分化起源”假说,认为现代栽培的白菜类蔬菜是由更加原始的祖先进化而来,在白菜类蔬菜进化史上存在较多的网状进化事件。
To explore the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese cabbage vegetables, we cloned and sequenced the Chs gene sequences of different varieties of cabbage vegetables. The results showed that there was no more than 3 bp insertion / deletion of Chs gene in Chinese cabbage, and the Chs gene in Chinese cabbage was a very conserved gene. It revealed that the genetic diversity of Chinese cabbage is close and its genetic relationship is relatively close. The phylogenetic tree divides the cabbage vegetable into two branches: the first branch includes Shandong cabbage, collapsing cabbage, Ya’an cabbage, laver moss, Chongqing cabbage and Yili wild rape, which are relatively evolutionary; the second branch includes Guangxi cabbage heart, green vegetables, Yaan butter dish, turnip and Fuling wild rape, relatively original. Mesophyll analysis did not show obvious stellate structures, indicating that there was no common ancestor for cabbage vegetable evolution in selected materials. Reticular evolutionary pattern analysis showed that not only the evolutionary relationship of tree species between the tested cabbage vegetables, but also a large number of non-dendritic evolutionary history. The results support the “origin of differentiation” hypothesis of the origins of cabbage and argue that modern cabbage vegetables are evolved from more primitive ancestors and that there are more reticulated evolutionary events in the evolutionary history of cabbage vegetables.