通过对3个回交10～12代的太谷核不育(Tal)小麦与普通小麦轮回亲本比较,以及转育稳定的Tal小麦的杂交F_1与对应的常规F_1母本效应的比较,探讨了Tal小麦细胞质及不育基因对主要农艺性状的遗传效应。结果表明,Tal细胞质对可育株的穗数,粒数,千粒重,结实小穗数等无不良的遗传效应,Tal F_1主要产量性状多表现较高的正向杂交优势。 By comparing the maternal effect of three reciprocal crosses of Taigu nuclear sterile (Tal) wheat and common wheat reincarnation parents with 10-12 generations of backcross, and the hybrid F_1 with the conventional F_1 transformable stable Tal wheat Genetic Effects of Wheat Cytoplasm and Sterile Genes on Main Agronomic Traits. The results showed that Tal cytoplasm had no adverse genetic effect on the number of spike, grain number, 1000-grain weight and number of spikelets in fertile plants. The main yield traits of Tal F 1 showed more positive heterosis.