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我们于1961年收治了六例芥子气损伤的病人,通过对这几例病人的治疗,我们有下面几点体会:(一)芥子气理化性质极稳定,毒性大。当皮肤接触染毒后,只用冷肥皂水洗滌染毒皮肤消毒作用较小,仍能严重损害染毒皮肤。故应当在染毒后,迅速用个人消毒包内消毒剂或氧化、氯化剂(如2-5%氯胺溶液,漂白粉溶液)对染毒皮肤进行消毒处理。在没有以上清毒剂时,可用有机溶剂(酒精,汽油)或温热肥皂水冲洗,方能减轻毒害作用。我们收治的六例患者因缺乏对芥子气的防护知识,在染毒后,未经消毒处理,虽沾染毒剂较少,而皮肤损害较重。有二例患者身穿棉衣,毒剂只污染了棉裤外面,但还是渗透到里面,引起大腿、臀部、会阴处皮肤严重损害。由此可见,芥子气渗透力强,在战斗情况下,必须要使用防毒面具及皮肤防护器材,方可避免皮肤损害,一般的皮革、棉布是不能防御的。
We treated six cases of mustard gas injury in 1961. Through the treatment of these patients, we have the following experience: (A) Mustard gas physical and chemical properties of very stable and toxic. When the skin exposed to exposure, only cold soapy water to wash the skin disinfection smaller, can still seriously damage the exposed skin. Therefore, it should be quickly after exposure to disinfectant with a personal disinfectant or oxidized, chlorinated agents (such as 2-5% chloramine solution, bleach solution) on the exposed skin disinfection. In the absence of the above disinfectant, the organic solvent (alcohol, gasoline) or warm soapy water rinse, can reduce the toxic effects. Six patients we treated for lack of knowledge of the protection of mustard gas, after treatment, without disinfection, although less poisoning, and skin damage heavier. Two patients were wearing cotton padding. The poison only polluted the outside of the trousers, but still infiltrated the inside of the trousers, causing serious damage to the skin of the thighs, buttocks and perineum. Thus it can be seen that mustard penetration is strong. In combat situations, it is necessary to use gas masks and skin protection equipment to avoid skin damage. Generally, leather and cotton fabrics can not be defended.