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目的:了解44例医院感染病例抗菌药物的应用情况及其对医院感染发生的影响.方法:应用解放军总医院与中国科技大学研究生院联合设计的《抗菌药物利用流行病学调查软件包》对每个病例进行录入、统计和分析.结果:①44例患者在医院感染发生前,抗菌药物使用率达88.64％,预防用药和无指征用药占31.86％,不合理用药为33.63％.②头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物使用频度较高.③44例患者在医院感染发生前使用抗菌药物治疗时,95.5％未做病原学检查和药敏试验.④44例医院感染多发生于用药时间长的患者,以胃肠道感染为多见.⑤在8项医院感染危险因素中,广谱抗菌药物应用的构成比为29.06％,排列第1,在感染率的统计中其为3.93％,排列第7.结论:①抗菌药物的预防性应用比例过大.②抗菌药物的使用仍以经验用药为主,病原学检查和药敏试验比例过小.③抗菌药物应用既是医院感染的控制因素,又是医院感染的危险因素.“,”Objective:To understand the condition of the antibacterial drug utilization and the effects of these drugs on the nosocomial infections.Methods:The data of 44 patients of the nosocomial infections were in entry and statistical analysis with a software of pharmacoepidemiology.Results:In 44 cases,the frequency of antibacterial administration was 88.64％ before nosocomial infections,31.86％ for preventive purposes and 33.63％ for unreasonable application.Moreover,the microbiological assay and drug sensitive test were not done in 95.5 ％ of the cases before antibacterials taken.The nosocomial infections mosdy occured in the patients who took the drugs for a long time,the gastrointestinal infections standing first on the list.In 8 risk factors of the nosocomial infections,the constitutive ratio and afterwards infection rate of the broadspectrum antibacterial utilization were 29.06 ％ and 3.93 ％,ranking the first and the seventh,respectively.Conclution:Antibacterials are empirically used in clinic for both prevention and treatment with less attention to the microbiological assay and the drug sensitive test.The administration of antibacterials is a protective factor,and one of the risk factors for the nosocomial infections,too.