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在“大众创业、万众创新”时代精神的号召下,越来越多的科研机构和科技工作者投身于市场经济浪潮。从传统角度而言,在科研团队和科研人员凭借深厚的知识积淀和技术研发能力进行技术创新,进而实现技术成果商业化过程中,科研机构与企业扮演着不同角色。科研机构承担科学技术的研发拓新而企业负责将技术成果商业化,并投放市场,这两种行为之间由于存在价值观、目标、组织认同等分歧而难以共存。因此,在这种两难选择下,按照权变理论的逻辑,科研机构与企业通常只能二者选其一。基于新的悖论整合思想研究认为,科研机构同时进行科学研究和技术成果商品化的学术创业是可以存在的。通过对学术创业活动中存在的各种不同悖论进行归类,提出对包括二元情境、二元能力、二元领导等在内的组织二元性的认识,并建立一个动态管理模型,从而形成学术创业型组织中悖论的管理思想体系。最后,以杨代常科研团队为案例对动态管理模型进行验证,探讨二元能力培养方式,以期为学术创业发展与管理提供借鉴。
More and more scientific research institutes and scientific and technological workers are devoted to the wave of market economy under the call of the spirit of “public entrepreneurship and innovation”. From a traditional perspective, research institutes and enterprises play different roles in the process of commercialization of technological achievements by virtue of scientific knowledge and research and development and technological research and development. Scientific research institutes undertake research and development of science and technology, while enterprises are responsible for commercializing commercial technologies and putting them on the market. These two kinds of behaviors are difficult to coexist because of their differences in values, goals and organizational identities. Therefore, under the dilemma of choice, according to the contingency logic theory, research institutes and enterprises usually can only choose one of the two. Based on the new theory of paradoxical integration, it is considered that there is a possibility that scientific research institutes may simultaneously carry out academic research on the commercialization of scientific research and the commercialization of technological achievements. Through the classification of various paradoxes existing in academic entrepreneurial activities, we put forward the understanding of the duality of organizations, including the dual situation, dual ability, dual leadership and so on, and establish a dynamic management model Form the paradox of management thinking system in academic entrepreneurial organizations. Finally, the dynamic management model is verified with the case of Yang Dai-Chang research team, and the cultivation of dual ability is discussed in order to provide reference for the development and management of academic entrepreneurship.