A templating method for fabricating two-dimensional (2D) arrays of micron-sized gold rings is reported. The microstructures are formed by electroless plating in
We propose a novel all-optical format conversion from the retu-to-zero (RZ) to the non-retu-to-zero (NRZ) based on single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)
As proposed by Herminghaus,a hierarchical structure could render any surface nonwettable as long as the roughness amplitude at small scales is sufficient to sus