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本研究采用词的自由回忆、字的自由回忆和联想学习三项作业,分别以归类复述法,联系法和制造联系法进行训练,受试者为老年人60例(平均66.5岁),青年人40例(平均26.8岁),按初测成绩和年龄,文化因素各均分为训练组和对照组。结果:(1)老年组记忆成绩显著较青年组差;(2)老年训练组和青年训练组训练后记忆成绩明显提高;(3)老年训练组训练后记忆成绩相当于未训练的青年组,和训练后的青年组的差距也有所缩小;(4)初测时老年比青年运用记忆策略的显著少些。训练后老年组和青年组运用策略者都显著增多,但前者善用方法的仍少些。运用方法和记忆成绩有显著关系。(5)较少主动运用方法是老年人对信息编码障碍的重要表现,这个缺点可以通过训练得到改善。但编码障碍可能只是老年人记忆障碍的一个原因。
In this study, three kinds of homework such as free recall of words, free recall of words and associative learning were used to train them respectively. The subjects were aged 60 (average 66.5 years old), youth 40 cases (average 26.8 years old), according to the first test results and age, cultural factors were divided into training group and control group. Results: (1) The scores of memory in the elderly group were significantly worse than those in the youth group; (2) The memory scores of the aged training group and the youth training group were obviously improved after training; (3) The scores of the memory of the aged training group were equivalent to those of the untrained youth group And the youth group after training gap has narrowed; (4) the first test of youth than the young use of memory strategy was significantly less. After training, the age group and young group use strategy strategists have increased significantly, but the former method of using less is still less. There is a significant relationship between using method and memory achievement. (5) Less active use of methods is an important manifestation of information coding disorder in the elderly, and this shortcoming can be improved through training. However, coding disorders may be just one cause of memory impairment in the elderly.