一从1633年幕府发布第一次锁国令起,日本经历了近250年的闭关锁国体制。这期间日本船只被禁止出海从事贸易,凡偷渡者一概处以死刑。日本海外贸易的伙伴,除了同一文化圈的中国、朝鲜外,只有被视为不具威胁的荷兰。荷兰商人可以前往日本进行贸易,但被限定只能在长崎港内的出岛进行活动,时刻受到幕府严格控制。虽然来自荷兰的“兰学”在日本有所传播,但其内容只涉及医学、 Since the first state lock-up was announced by the shogunate in 1633, Japan has undergone nearly 250 years of closed-door state protection. During this period, Japanese ships were banned from the sea for trade, and all illegal immigrants were sentenced to death. Japan’s foreign trade partners, in addition to the same cultural circle of China, North Korea, only considered as a non-threatening Netherlands. Dutch traders can travel to Japan for trade but are restricted to go out of the island in Nagasaki port and are under strict control by the government. Although “Lanxue” from the Netherlands has been spread in Japan, its content only covers medicine,