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清乾隆、嘉庆年间潮州府属各县以天地会为主体的秘密结社(会党)大量出现,光绪、宣统年间,会党的组织已遍布全潮州府,从城市到乡村,从码头到驻军兵营,到处有他们的活动单位——山堂香水。会党的名称有天地会、双刀会、三合会、三点会等,会众以万计,形成了潮州一种无处不有的社会势力。本文就其渊源、成员社会构成、活动的特点、社会功能、作用提出粗浅见解。
During the Qing Emperor Qianlong and Jiaqing years, there were many secret societies (wuxili) in Chaozhou prefectures, whose main body was Tiandihui. The Guangxu and Xuan Tong years saw the organization of the clubs spread all over Chaozhou Prefecture, from cities to villages, from the wharf to the garrison , There are activities of their units everywhere - Shan Tong perfume. The names of the non-governmental organizations include World Society, Double Knife Club, Triad Council, Three Points Club, etc. There are tens of thousands of congregations that have formed Chaozhou’s ubiquitous social forces. This article gives a rough idea of its origin, the social composition of members, the characteristics of activities, social functions and roles.