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为明确四川省烟田杂草的种类、分布和危害情况,采用倒置“W”九点取样法对四川省主要植烟区289块烟田的杂草进行了调查。结果表明,四川省烟田杂草共有41科135属201种,其中优势杂草为马唐、尼泊尔蓼、空心莲子草、光头稗和辣子草5种,区域性优势杂草为鸭跖草、小藜、双穗雀稗、绵毛酸模叶蓼、马兰、野燕麦6种,常见杂草24种,一般杂草166种。对杂草群落的物种多样性进行测度,宜宾、达州烟区烟田杂草群落的物种丰富度最高,Gleason指数和多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener)最大,草种分布较为均匀;凉山州、攀枝花烟区烟田杂草群落的Gleason指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数(Pielou)均最小,但优势度指数(Simpson)最大,优势草种比较突出。聚类分析结果显示,四川烟田杂草群落可分为宜宾-泸州-广元-达州、凉山州-攀枝花和德阳3个类群,地理、气候条件以及除草措施的不同可能是导致烟田杂草群落结构差异的主要原因。
In order to clarify the species, distribution and hazards of tobacco weeds in Sichuan Province, we conducted a survey on weeds in 289 tobacco-growing areas in the main tobacco-planting areas of Sichuan Province using the inverted “W ” nine-point sampling method. The results showed that there were 201 species belonging to 135 genera and 41 families in Sichuan tobacco field. Among them, the dominant weeds were Crabgrass, Polygonum indicum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Barnyardgrass and Spicy grass, the dominant weeds were Commelina communis, Quinoa, Paspalum, Pasadena, Polygonum, Polygonum, Malan, wild oats 6 species, 24 common weeds, 166 common weeds. The species richness of weed communities in tobacco fields of Yibin and Dazhou was the highest with the highest Gleason index and diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) and the distribution of grass species was more uniform. The population of Liangshan Prefecture and Panzhihua The Gleason index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index of tobacco weed community were the smallest, but the dominant index (Simpson) was the largest, and the dominant grass species was more prominent. Cluster analysis showed that the weed communities in Sichuan tobacco fields could be divided into three groups: Yibin - Luzhou - Guangyuan - Dazhou, Liangshan - Panzhihua and Deyang. The differences in geography, weather conditions and weeding measures could lead to the weed community The main reason for the structural differences.