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众所周知，时间状语是时态最重要的标志，因此，利用时态标志而缺乏解题依据时，解题关键在于分析语境逻辑寻找时态依据。
一、寻找时态标志，巧解时态试题
每一种特定的时态都有其相应的时态标志，寻找其时态并认真加以分析可以巧解时态试题，常见的时态标志有：
1. 以动作发生的时间状语为时态标志
时间状语是特定时态的第一标志， 如：now， at present往往是一般现在时或现在进行时的标志；yesterday， last week， a few years ago往往是一般过去时的标志；at that time， at the time， at this time yesterday， then往往是过去进行时的标志；tomorrow， next week， in an hour往往是一般将来时的标志。如：
——Surfing first started on the islands of Hawaii, didn’t it?
——Yes, but now it ____ by people all over the world.
A. is enjoyedB. was enjoyedC. has enjoyedD. will enjoy
析：正确答案为A项。now制约着该空，表示冲浪现在被全世界人民所喜爱，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。
It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.
A. took; to work outB. takes; to work out
C. has taken; working outD. is taking; working out
析：正确答案为A项。yesterday表明第一空为过去性动词，故用一般过去时。
——I can’t find my pen. Can I use yours?
——Sorry, I ____ it now.
A. am usingB. was usingC. have usedD. used
析：正确答案为A项。now暗示此刻“我”正在使用钢笔，故应用现在进行时。
2. 以特定词汇为时态标志
特定词汇也往往标志着特定时态， 如：often， always， usually， never，seldom， once a week表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”往往表明到现在或过去某一时刻为止动作已持续若干时间，应用现在或过去完成时；by后接过去时间状语表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时；up to now/today, until now/today, recently, lately, in recent years, all these days, so far, several times往往表示到现在或今天为止动作已持续若干时间，或发生若干次，应用现在完成时；in the past/last few years表示在到目前为止已经过去的几年里，应用现在完成时；in the next/following few years表示在随后的几年里，应用一般过去时；in the coming few years表示在即将到来的几年里，应用一般将来时。如：
You don’t have to describe her. I ____ her several times.
A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet
析：正确答案为B项。several times为完成时的标志，前句don’t形式表明后句标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空应用现在完成时。
——Is your father a Party member?
——Yes, he ____ the Party three years ago. He ____ a Party
member for three years.
A. has joined; has beenB. joined; has been
C. joined; wasD. was joined; is
析：正确答案为B项。three years ago制约着第一空为过去性动作，应用一般过去时；for three years为完成时标志，因该句为直接引语，标准对照时间点应为现在，因此第二空应用现在完成时。
——Do you know Betty very well?
——Yes, she and I ____ friends since we met in Guangzhou last
summer.
A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have turned
析：正确答案为C项。since为完成时标志，该句为直接引语，标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空应用现在完成时。因since引导时间段，谓语动词应用持续性动词，故A、B、D项均错误。
The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she ____ only once a week.
A. goes shoppingB. has been there
C. was shoppingD. has gone there
析：正确答案为A项。 once a week暗示该空表经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。
3. 以特定句型为时态标志
有些特殊句型往往标志着特定时态，抓住这一点也可以巧解时态题。如：“It is the first (second…) time that”句型用现在完成时；“It is+时间+ since”句型用一般过去时，“It was+时间+since”句型用过去完成时；时间状语从句和条件状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
——Will you come to the dinner party?
——I won’t come unless Jenny ____.
A. will be invitedB. can be invited
C. invitedD. is invited
析：正确答案为D项。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该句为unless引导的条件状语从句，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Mr. Green always tells his daughter a story before she ____ to sleep.
A. will goB. wentC. is goingD. goes
析：正确答案为D项。分析语境逻辑可知，该句为before引导的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
二、分析语境逻辑，巧解时态试题
不少时态试题既无时间状语又无其他标志，语境抽象、语义空泛，考生们感到没有解题依据，找不到解题突破口。怎么办？标志不存语境在，分析语境学时态。如：
——Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you.
——I ____ for an important phone call. Go without me.
A. waitB. was waitingC. am waitingD. waited
析：正确答案为C项。分析语境逻辑可知，我不能和你去是因为此刻我在等一个重要电话，因此应用现在进行时。
——Where is the librarian?
——She ____ to the bookshop.
A. wentB. has goneC. goesD. will go
析：正确答案为B项。分析问句逻辑可知，图书管理员此刻不在，那么她到哪里去了？to the bookshop暗示她已到书店去了，因此应用现在完成时。
——I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
——Oh, I am sorry; I ____ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had
析：正确答案为C项。分析语境逻辑可知，昨天你给我打电话时我正在吃饭，因此应用过去进行时。
Don’t make so much noise. The students ____ an English class.
A. are havingB. haveC. hadD. were having
析： 正确答案为A项。由Don’t make so much noise的语境逻辑可以推断，学生们此刻正在上英语课，因此应用现在进行时。
一、寻找时态标志，巧解时态试题
每一种特定的时态都有其相应的时态标志，寻找其时态并认真加以分析可以巧解时态试题，常见的时态标志有：
1. 以动作发生的时间状语为时态标志
时间状语是特定时态的第一标志， 如：now， at present往往是一般现在时或现在进行时的标志；yesterday， last week， a few years ago往往是一般过去时的标志；at that time， at the time， at this time yesterday， then往往是过去进行时的标志；tomorrow， next week， in an hour往往是一般将来时的标志。如：
——Surfing first started on the islands of Hawaii, didn’t it?
——Yes, but now it ____ by people all over the world.
A. is enjoyedB. was enjoyedC. has enjoyedD. will enjoy
析：正确答案为A项。now制约着该空，表示冲浪现在被全世界人民所喜爱，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。
It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.
A. took; to work outB. takes; to work out
C. has taken; working outD. is taking; working out
析：正确答案为A项。yesterday表明第一空为过去性动词，故用一般过去时。
——I can’t find my pen. Can I use yours?
——Sorry, I ____ it now.
A. am usingB. was usingC. have usedD. used
析：正确答案为A项。now暗示此刻“我”正在使用钢笔，故应用现在进行时。
2. 以特定词汇为时态标志
特定词汇也往往标志着特定时态， 如：often， always， usually， never，seldom， once a week表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”往往表明到现在或过去某一时刻为止动作已持续若干时间，应用现在或过去完成时；by后接过去时间状语表示到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时；up to now/today, until now/today, recently, lately, in recent years, all these days, so far, several times往往表示到现在或今天为止动作已持续若干时间，或发生若干次，应用现在完成时；in the past/last few years表示在到目前为止已经过去的几年里，应用现在完成时；in the next/following few years表示在随后的几年里，应用一般过去时；in the coming few years表示在即将到来的几年里，应用一般将来时。如：
You don’t have to describe her. I ____ her several times.
A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet
析：正确答案为B项。several times为完成时的标志，前句don’t形式表明后句标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空应用现在完成时。
——Is your father a Party member?
——Yes, he ____ the Party three years ago. He ____ a Party
member for three years.
A. has joined; has beenB. joined; has been
C. joined; wasD. was joined; is
析：正确答案为B项。three years ago制约着第一空为过去性动作，应用一般过去时；for three years为完成时标志，因该句为直接引语，标准对照时间点应为现在，因此第二空应用现在完成时。
——Do you know Betty very well?
——Yes, she and I ____ friends since we met in Guangzhou last
summer.
A. have madeB. have becomeC. have beenD. have turned
析：正确答案为C项。since为完成时标志，该句为直接引语，标准对照时间点为现在，因此该空应用现在完成时。因since引导时间段，谓语动词应用持续性动词，故A、B、D项均错误。
The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she ____ only once a week.
A. goes shoppingB. has been there
C. was shoppingD. has gone there
析：正确答案为A项。 once a week暗示该空表经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。
3. 以特定句型为时态标志
有些特殊句型往往标志着特定时态，抓住这一点也可以巧解时态题。如：“It is the first (second…) time that”句型用现在完成时；“It is+时间+ since”句型用一般过去时，“It was+时间+since”句型用过去完成时；时间状语从句和条件状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：
——Will you come to the dinner party?
——I won’t come unless Jenny ____.
A. will be invitedB. can be invited
C. invitedD. is invited
析：正确答案为D项。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该句为unless引导的条件状语从句，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Mr. Green always tells his daughter a story before she ____ to sleep.
A. will goB. wentC. is goingD. goes
析：正确答案为D项。分析语境逻辑可知，该句为before引导的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
二、分析语境逻辑，巧解时态试题
不少时态试题既无时间状语又无其他标志，语境抽象、语义空泛，考生们感到没有解题依据，找不到解题突破口。怎么办？标志不存语境在，分析语境学时态。如：
——Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you.
——I ____ for an important phone call. Go without me.
A. waitB. was waitingC. am waitingD. waited
析：正确答案为C项。分析语境逻辑可知，我不能和你去是因为此刻我在等一个重要电话，因此应用现在进行时。
——Where is the librarian?
——She ____ to the bookshop.
A. wentB. has goneC. goesD. will go
析：正确答案为B项。分析问句逻辑可知，图书管理员此刻不在，那么她到哪里去了？to the bookshop暗示她已到书店去了，因此应用现在完成时。
——I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
——Oh, I am sorry; I ____ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had
析：正确答案为C项。分析语境逻辑可知，昨天你给我打电话时我正在吃饭，因此应用过去进行时。
Don’t make so much noise. The students ____ an English class.
A. are havingB. haveC. hadD. were having
析： 正确答案为A项。由Don’t make so much noise的语境逻辑可以推断，学生们此刻正在上英语课，因此应用现在进行时。