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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是长度约22个核苷酸片段的进化保守分子,其转录后通过沉默目的基因而调节基因表达。miRNAs参与几乎所有的生物学过程,如增殖、凋亡、细胞分化/代谢、上皮间质细胞转化等等,且与肿瘤发生密切相关。miRNAs作用取决于其目的基因。miRNAs一旦功能失调,它们调节细胞生长、细胞周期、细胞迁移的作用即变为抑癌或致癌。由于缺乏高度敏感非侵入性诊断标志物,胃癌高危个体的早期诊断率和总生存率仍然很低。近期许多研究表明,miRNAs是一个很有前景的生物学标志物,可以决定胃癌患者预后并预测生存期和胃癌患者复发。文章主要就microRNAs作为新兴生物学标志物在胃癌的研究进展作一综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules with a length of about 22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression after silencing by silencing the gene of interest. miRNAs are involved in almost all biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell differentiation/metabolism, epithelial stromal cell transformation, etc., and are closely related to tumorigenesis. The role of miRNAs depends on the gene of interest. Once miRNAs are dysfunctional, their role in regulating cell growth, cell cycle, and cell migration becomes cancer suppression or carcinogenesis. Due to the lack of highly sensitive non-invasive diagnostic markers, the early diagnosis rate and overall survival rate of high-risk individuals in gastric cancer are still low. Many recent studies have shown that miRNAs are a promising biological marker that can determine the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and predict the survival and recurrence of gastric cancer patients. The article mainly reviews the research progress of microRNAs as a new biological marker in gastric cancer.