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目的:了解既往有偿献血人群戊型肝炎的流行特征,为采取有效防控措施提供依据。方法:采用流行病学问卷调查方式收集研究人群的一般资料,利用ELISA和RT-PCR检测血清抗HEV-IgG抗体、抗HEV-IgM抗体和HEVRNA,并分析HEV基因型特征。结果:调查的人群戊型肝炎感染率为22.7%,男性高于女性。抗HEV-IgM阳性率为1.8%。献血次数超过20次以上HEV-IgG抗体阳性率高于献血次数<10次(P<0.01)。戊型肝炎感染率有随年龄增长而上升的趋势,其中60岁组感染率高达30.6%。随着献血次数的增加,戊型肝炎的感染率呈上升趋势。10例抗HEV-IgM阳性者的血清进行检测显示本地区HEV均为Ⅳ型。结论:既往有偿献血人群中存在较高水平的HEV感染率,男性、年龄大、有偿献血次数多为危险因素,流行毒株均为Ⅳ型HEV且存在较大变异度。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E in the past paid blood donors and to provide basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods: The epidemiological questionnaires were used to collect general data of the study population. Serum anti-HEV-IgG, anti-HEV-IgM and HEVRNA were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. HEV genotypes were also analyzed. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E infection in the surveyed population was 22.7%, higher in males than in females. Anti-HEV-IgM positive rate of 1.8%. The positive rate of HEV-IgG antibody was higher than that of blood donation <10 times (P <0.01). Hepatitis E infection rate tends to increase with age, of which 60-year-old group infection rate as high as 30.6%. With the increase of blood donation, the infection rate of hepatitis E is on the rise. 10 cases of anti-HEV-IgM-positive serum tests showed that the region HEV are type Ⅳ. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of HEV infection among previously paid blood donors. Men, older men and more paid blood donors are mostly risk factors. The epidemic strains are both type IV HEV with a large degree of variability.