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目的掌握浙江省绍兴市越城区水痘疫情特征,评价疫苗免疫效果,为有效控制水痘疫情提供依据。方法对2010年和2011年发病资料进行描述分析,同时对越城区属的水痘病例中1～11岁的859例病例进行疫苗接种史回顾性调查。结果水痘平均发病率172.05/10万,0～9岁组占72.92%。发病前有无免疫史的差异有统计学意义(χ2=454.67,P<0.001),疫苗的总体保护率为75.37%;接种国产疫苗和进口疫苗的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.62,P=0.018),国产疫苗相对于进口疫苗保护效果的OR值为1.53(95%CI:1.07～2.18)。结论提高接种率是控制水痘发病的有效手段,且进口疫苗免疫效果优于国产疫苗,当前应扩大疫苗接种年龄范围。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of chickenpox in Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, evaluate the vaccine immunization effect and provide the basis for the effective control of the epidemic situation of chickenpox. Methods The incidence data of 2010 and 2011 were described and analyzed. At the same time, a retrospective investigation was carried out on the history of vaccination in 859 cases aged 1 to 11 years among the chickenpox cases in the more urban areas. Results The average incidence of chickenpox was 172.05 / 100 000, accounting for 72.92% in 0-9 years old group. There was a significant difference in the history of immunization before onset (χ2 = 454.67, P <0.001), and the overall protection rate of vaccine was 75.37%. There was significant difference in the incidence of vaccination between domestic vaccine and imported vaccine (χ2 = 5.62, P = 0.018). The OR of domestic vaccine against imported vaccine was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07-2.18). Conclusion Increasing the vaccination rate is an effective way to control the incidence of chickenpox, and the imported vaccine has better immunization effect than the domestic vaccine. At present, the vaccination age should be expanded.