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一、问题的提出新中国成立后,在死亡率和预期寿命等社会发展指标上取得了显著的成绩。死亡率从建国初期的20‰左右降到了70年代的6‰～7‰之间:婴儿死亡率从1954年的138.5‰降到了70年代中期的47.0‰;人均预期寿命从1949年的33岁左右提高到1982年的68岁左右。
I. Proposals After the establishment of the new China, significant achievements were made in social development indicators such as mortality and life expectancy. The mortality rate dropped from about 20‰ in the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to between 6‰ and 7‰ in the 1970s: the infant mortality rate dropped from 138.5‰ in 1954 to 47.0‰ in the mid-1970s; the average life expectancy from the age of 33 in 1949 was about Raised to about 68 years old in 1982.