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低年级小学生在解应用题时,最大的障碍是生活经验和知识基础的局限,不能全面地理解题意,因而也不能正确地分析数量关系,他们往往只根据应用题中的个别词语猜算法,凑算式。所以,教学中如果脱离儿童生活实际,离开应用题的情节、事理、抽象地讲数量关系,这样的数量关系是空洞的,是无源之水,无本之木。我认为低年级应用题教学必须从理解情节,弄清事理入手。使小学生从具体情节和事理中领悟算理,然后根据运算的意义找到正确的算法。一年来在应用题的教学中我作了以下的探索。
In the process of solving the applied questions, the primary obstacle for the lower grades is the limitation of life experiences and knowledge base, which can not fully understand the questions and thus can not analyze the quantitative relations correctly. They are often only based on the individual words in the application questions, Minato formula. Therefore, if the teaching is divorced from the reality of children's life and the quantity and the way of leaving the application title are abstracted, the quantitative relationship is empty and the water of no source is no basis. I think the teaching of the lower grade applied problem must understand the plot, understand the things to start. So that pupils from the specific circumstances and affairs of the comprehend arithmetic, and then find the right algorithm according to the meaning of the operation. In the past year in the teaching of application questions I made the following exploration.