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目的探讨高温期间县(区)级医院和乡镇医院内科住院病人疾病谱的特点及其存在的差异。方法收集重庆地区2所县(区)级医院和4所乡镇医院2005—2007年连续3年7—8月内科住院病例疾病资料,描述疾病谱的特点,并进行对比分析。气象资料,包括日最高气温、日平均温度、相对湿度、24h降水量、24h蒸发量,来源于当地气象局。结果2006年7—8月的高温程度明显强于相邻两年同期。2005—2007年连续3年7—8月城乡医院内科住院病例年龄、性别构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。县(区)级医院和乡镇医院的急性上呼吸道感染、肺炎和急性支气管炎在2005—2007年7—8月的疾病顺位连续3年均进入前4位,且急性上呼吸道感染、急性支气管炎、急性胃肠炎、胃及十二指肠疾病和阑尾疾病的构成比在2006年7—8月均高于其他两年同期。乡镇医院的中暑及脑血管疾病构成比在2006年7—8月均明显高于其他两年,而在县(区)级医院未发现明显差异。结论高温期间,急性上呼吸道感染、肺炎和急性支气管炎在城乡医院均是高发的内科疾病;在极端高温期间,中暑及脑血管疾病发病相对增多且在乡镇医院较县(区)级医院明显。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and differences of the inpatient disease spectrum in county (district) hospitals and township hospitals during the high temperature period. Methods The data of inpatient cases in two county (district) hospitals and four township hospitals in Chongqing from July to August in 2005-2007 were collected to describe the characteristics of the disease spectrum and to make a comparative analysis. Meteorological data, including the highest daily temperature, average daily temperature, relative humidity, 24h precipitation, 24h evaporation, from the local meteorological bureau. Results The temperature in July-August 2006 was significantly higher than that of the adjacent two years. There was no significant difference in the age and sex ratio of inpatients in urban and rural hospitals between July 2007 and July 2007 in consecutive years from 2007 to 2007 (P> 0.05). Acute upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia and acute bronchitis in county (district) hospitals and township hospitals were among the top 4 for the third consecutive year in July-August 2005, with acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis The constituent ratios of inflammation, acute gastroenteritis, gastric and duodenal diseases and appendiculosis were higher than those of the other two years in July-August 2006. The proportions of heat stroke and cerebrovascular diseases in township hospitals were significantly higher than those in the other two years in July-August 2006, but no significant differences were found in county (district) hospitals. Conclusions During the period of high temperature, acute upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia and acute bronchitis are both high incidence of medical diseases in urban and rural hospitals. During the extremely high temperature period, the incidence of heat stroke and cerebrovascular diseases is relatively increased and obvious in township hospitals.