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利用1980-2000年中国和山东省的农业气象灾害积数据,分析了中国和山东省农业气象灾害的时间变化特征。结果表明:中国农作物受灾面积、成灾面积、成灾率和受灾率的年平均值都呈增加趋势,而山东省的趋势相反;山东省因旱灾、水灾、冰雹和霜冻造成的农作物受灾面积占全省总受灾面积的99.66%;受旱灾、水灾、冰雹和霜冻灾害的面积分别占全省农作物总受灾面积的69.7%、12.23、10.39%和2.78%;山东省的主要气象灾害为旱灾,其次为水灾和冰雹,最后为霜冻。其中年平均旱灾受灾面积和成灾灾率呈减少趋势而水灾受灾面积和成灾率呈增加趋势。
Using the data of agricultural meteorological disasters accumulated in 1980-2000 in China and Shandong Province, the temporal variation characteristics of agricultural meteorological disasters in China and Shandong Province were analyzed. The results show that the annual average of affected area, disaster-affected area, disaster-hit rate and disaster-hit rate of Chinese crops all tend to increase, while that of Shandong Province is the opposite; that of affected areas of crops in Shandong Province due to drought, flood, hail and frost 99.66% of the total affected area in the province; areas affected by drought, flood, hail and frost accounted for 69.7%, 12.23,10.39% and 2.78% respectively of the total crop area affected in the province; the major meteorological disasters in Shandong Province were droughts, followed by For floods and hail, and finally for the frost. Among them, the average annual area affected by drought and the rate of disaster-affected areas showed a decreasing trend while the area affected by floods and the rate of disaster-hit areas showed an increasing trend.