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Objective: We explored the role and molecular mechanism of Microcystin-LR(MC-LR)in hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods: The two-stage-medium-term theory was applied to the establishment of the animal model.The promoting effect of MC-LR on liver tumor was evaluated with the Albert Y-GT methods.During the tumor-promoting course,the effects of MC-LR on the regulation and expression of the Bcl-2 and Bax genes were studied with immunohistochemical technique and RT-PCR.Results: MCLR could enhance the positive reaction of Albert Y-GT(GGT),a preneoplasm marker.The positive reaction rate of GGT in diethylnitrosamine(DEN)+MC group was significantly higher than that in the DEN control group.The protein and RNA expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased by MC-LR,and that the protein expression of Bax was decreased simultaneously.Conclusion: These results indicate that the MC-LR can inhabit apoptosis through the Bcl-2 and Bax genes.Therefore,we conclude that the expression change of Bcl-2 and Bax genes possibly plays an important role in the promotion of liver tumor by MC-LR.