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文言虚词在文言文中占有极其重要的地位:可以连接两个或多个同级语言单位,表示前后语言单位的某种关系;也可以改变它所连接的成分的语法功能;还可以作为某种句子结构的标志,表示某种语气等。“之”是文言文中一个重要的虚词,它是从实词逐渐发展而来的,后来“之”又被借作指示代词,意义进一步虚化演变为助词连词等。但其动词代词的功能依然保存。作为实词,它的意义和用法比较明确;但作为虚词其意义和用法存在很多争议。本文将古代汉语中“之”字的用法分为实词和虚词两类,每一小类都从词类、用法、意义等方面加以分析,并附有详细的例证。每一例证都附有详细的解释,并尽量列举不同时期、不同地域、不同体裁的例子。以期尽量真实全面地反映语言事实。
The classical function words in classical Chinese occupy an extremely important position: you can connect two or more language units at the same level, indicating the relationship between language units before and after; you can also change the grammatical function of the components it is connected to; can also be used as a sentence Structure of the logo that some kind of tone. “” Is an important function word in classical Chinese. It gradually develops from the real words. Later “” is used as the demonstrative pronoun and the meaning is further reduced to the conjunctions. But the function of verb pronoun is still preserved. As a real word, its meaning and usage are relatively clear; but there are many controversies about its meaning and usage as function words. In this paper, the usage of the “” in ancient Chinese is divided into two categories: real words and function words, each of which is analyzed from the aspects of class, usage, meaning and so on, with detailed examples. Each example is accompanied by a detailed explanation, and try to list examples of different genres in different periods, regions and genres. In order to try to reflect the fact of language truthfully and comprehensively.