学者们对于民主宪政存在一种浪漫的想象,认为只要保障政治民主(选举民主)在程序上的公正,中国的社会主义宪政理想就可以顺利实现。然而,随着经济社会的急剧分化并深嵌到村庄政治的运作过程,富人治村在中国广大的农村尤其是东部沿海的省份,成为一种日趋普遍的现象。由此导致村庄治理逻辑的转变,进入村庄政治的经济门槛和道德门槛不断提高,从而将广大群众置于无权参与政治的境地。这就使得中国宪政的合法性基础陷入了危机。因为在社会主义传统下,中国宪政的本质是通过宪法保障人民当家做主的权力,而基层民主是实现这一宪政理想的重要制度。在基层民主的制度体系中,单单靠政治民主(选举民主)是不够的,必须大力推行经济民主,保障那些处于经济弱势的人能够分享政治权力,真正的社会主义宪政才有可能实现。 Scholars have a romantic imagination about democratic constitutionalism and think that as long as procedural justice is guaranteed of political democracy (electoral democracy), China’s socialist constitutional government ideal can be successfully realized. However, with the rapid economic and social differentiation and the deep embeddedness into the operation of village politics, the rich governance village has become an increasingly common phenomenon in the vast rural areas of China, especially in the eastern coastal provinces. As a result, the logic of village governance changes, and the economic threshold and moral threshold for entering village politics continue to rise, leaving the broad masses of people without the right to participate in political situations. This puts the legitimacy foundation of China’s constitutional government in a crisis. Because under the socialist tradition, the essence of constitutional government in China is to guarantee the people as the masters of the country through the constitution, while grassroots democracy is an important system for realizing this constitutional ideal. In the institutional system of grassroots democracy, political democracy alone (election of democracy) is not enough. We must vigorously promote economic democracy and ensure that those in economic disadvantage can share political power, so that a real socialist constitutional government can be realized.