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目的：探讨全氟化碳（PFC）在中重度烟雾吸入性损伤中的早期肺保护作用。方法23例烧伤合并中、重度烟雾吸入性损伤患者，随机分为两组：对照组（11例，接受常规治疗）和试验组（12例，在此基础上经气管切开处气管套管分次缓慢注入PFC，呼吸气囊加压给氧min，使PFC在肺内均匀分布）。治疗前和治疗3 d后记录急性生理和慢性健康评估（APACHEⅡ）评分、肺动态顺应性（Cdyn），肺泡动脉氧分压差[P（A-a）O2]，氧合指数（OI）。结果经3 d治疗后，试验组APACHE II评分显著低于治疗前（P0.05）。试验组的氧合指数治疗前后对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前两组患者的肺动态顺应性（Cdyn）无差异（P>0.05）；治疗3 d后两组患者的肺动态顺应性均有所好转，而试验组的肺动态顺应性显著高于对照组（P0.05). Before treatment, the Cdyn value of the test group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05 );however, the Cdyn values of two groups were both improved after treatment, and the Cdyn value of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Both the P(A-a)O2 values of two groups decreased after treatment;however, the P(A-a)O2 value after treatment of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion PFC improves the P(A-a)O2 and Cdyn of smoke inhalation injury patients, thus playing an early lung protective role. Fractionated use is more effective.