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目的分析都江堰市地震灾区不同阶段安置点环境卫生状况及居民卫生服务需求,对现阶段安置点防病工作提供建议,为灾民永久安置点建设提供经验和借鉴。方法分别在2008年6月、8月,2009年3月三次对都江堰市集中安置点进行资料收集、现场观察和问卷调查,采用系统抽样方法对永久安置点居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括安置点卫生状况、卫生服务需求状况等。结果灾民集中安置经历帐篷聚集点、板房安置点、永久安置点3个阶段,安置点分散式供水人群比例由17.83%降至2.10%;安置点修建排污管网比例由62.38%上升至89.61%,再至100%;垃圾集中收运比例由76.64%上升至94.81%,再至100%;永久安置点居民需求度最高的医疗服务和防病知识分别为疾病诊治和防蚊、蝇、鼠知识和技能,分别为86.36%和65.91%。结论安置点卫生状况逐步好转,但仍存在一定缺陷,应定期对板房安置点进行卫生检查和宣传教育,卫生机构应参与灾后重建规划,并对已建成并入住安置点开展有针对性健康教育活动。
Objective To analyze the environmental health conditions and health service demands of residents in different stages of earthquake-stricken areas in Dujiangyan City and to provide advice on the prevention and treatment work of the resettlement sites at this stage so as to provide experience and reference for the construction of permanent settlements for disaster victims. Methods The data collection, site observation and questionnaire survey were conducted on the centralized resettlement sites in Dujiangyan City in June, August 2008 and March 2009 respectively. The questionnaire survey was conducted on the residents of permanent resettlement sites by systematic sampling method. The investigation contents include resettlement sites Health status, health service needs and so on. As a result, the victims of resettlement experienced three stages: gathering spots of tents, resettlement sites of board houses and permanent settlements. The proportion of decentralized water supply in resettlement sites dropped from 17.83% to 2.10%; the proportion of sewer networks constructed by settlements increased from 62.38% to 89.61% , And then to 100%; the proportion of garbage collected and collected increased from 76.64% to 94.81% and then to 100%; the medical services and disease prevention knowledge required by residents with permanent settlement points are respectively disease diagnosis, mosquito control, fly and mouse knowledge And skills, respectively, 86.36% and 65.91%. Conclusion The sanitary condition of the resettlement sites gradually improved, but there are still some shortcomings. Health inspection and propaganda and education should be carried out regularly on the resettlement sites of the boarding houses. The health agencies should participate in the post-disaster reconstruction planning and carry out targeted health education on completed and settled settlements activity.