奥斯曼帝国历史上大张旗鼓地改革始于一七九二年,即塞利姆三世当政的第四年。而局部的革新,比如引进西方的技术、购买西式武器、创办技术学校,前任苏丹阿卜杜·哈米德一世就尝试过。至于学习欧式的建筑,模仿欧洲人的生活方式,在“郁金香时代”(一七○三——一七三○)就开始了。奥斯曼帝国改革的大体路径与其他后发国家的改革并没有差别, The dramatic reform of the Ottoman Empire in history began in 1792, the fourth year Selim III was in power. Local innovations, such as the introduction of Western technology, the purchase of Western-style weapons and the establishment of technical schools, have been tried by former Sudanese leader Abdul Hamid I. As for learning European architecture and imitating the European way of life, it started in “Tulip Age” (1703-1730). The general path of the Ottoman Reformation does not differ from that of other late-coming countries,