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文学作品是用语言创造出来的艺术,文学翻译是要用另一种语言工具把原作的内容和艺术意境传神地表达出来的再创作活动,使读者在读译文的时候能够像品读原著一样获得美的享受。对于文学文本来说,百分之百的等值等效是不可能的。在众多被译文本中,文学文本和自然科学不同,不存在不容置疑,无可争议的精准答案,而大多情况下是仁者见仁,智者见智。因此不能武断地说译文是否百分之百等值等效、忠实于原作。但是这并不代表文学翻译毫无方法和规律可循,只是实际操作起来,其困难程度远远超出我们的想象。原因一方面在于任何一种语言中的任意一词,都不可能在另一种语言中找到可以与其完全对应的同义词。即使这两种语言同属一种语系。另一方面,不同的语言都有其不同的语法表达形式,这样一来,翻译就成了一种选择,而不同的译者在实际翻译过程中又有各自的翻译标准。除去这些客观因素,文学文本还有其自身的审美元素,不同译者的审美取向又不尽相同,这一主观因素无疑又使文学翻译的难度大大增加。那么文学文本究竟该如何翻译?结合我国译论的发展史和自己的学习体会,我主张在翻译文学作品时采用意译的方法。
Literary works are the art created by language. Literary translation is the recreational activity that express the content and the artistic conception of the original with another language tool so that the readers can enjoy the beauty as they read the original . For literary texts, one hundred percent equivalence is impossible. Among many translated texts, literary texts differ from natural sciences in the absence of undoubtedly incontrovertible and precise answers. In most cases, benevolence seeks benevolence, and wise men see wisdom. Therefore, we can not arbitrarily say that the translation is 100% equivalent and is faithful to the original. However, this does not mean that there is no method or law for literary translation to follow. The actual difficulty of translation is far beyond our imagination. The reason is that on the one hand, it is impossible for any word in any language to find a synonym that can exactly correspond to it in another language. Even if both languages belong to the same language family. On the other hand, different languages have their own different grammatical expressions. As a result, translation becomes an option, while different translators have their own translation standards in the actual translation process. In addition to these objective factors, literary texts have their own aesthetic elements. Different translators have different aesthetic orientations. This subjective factor undoubtedly makes the difficulty of literary translation greatly increased. How literary texts should be translated? According to the development history of our translation theories and our own learning experience, I advocate the use of free translation when translating literary works.