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大黄鱼、小黄鱼和带鱼,是中国近海最重要的三种传统经济鱼类。本文主要论述了它们的分布,洄游和生物学特性,以及1955～1984年期间的开发利用经过和产量、资源变化。作者认为:近期这三种鱼产量的剧烈波动和种群年龄结构的显著变化,主要是由于过去20～30年捕捞过度引起的。根据实践经验,把长寿命鱼种的最适年可捕量定为1/3·M·P_f(种群可捕资源)或1/3·5·M·B_6更为妥当。如果期望本海区渔业资源状况得到根本好转,必须对目前的捕捞强度作大幅度压缩。而要实现这一点,前面还有大量的社会、经济和立法问题亟待解决,且需国际上更广泛的协作。
Large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker and octopus, is China’s most important three kinds of traditional economic fish. This paper mainly discusses their distribution, migration and biological characteristics, as well as the development, utilization, output and resources during 1955-1984. The authors argue that the recent dramatic fluctuations in the three fish production and significant changes in population age structure are mainly due to overfishing in the past 20-30 years. Based on practical experience, it is more appropriate to set the optimum annual catch of long-lived species as 1/3 · M · P_f (catchable resources) or 1 / 3.5 · M · B_6. If the state of fishery resources in the area is expected to have fundamentally improved, the current fishing intensity must be greatly reduced. In order to achieve this, there are still a great deal of social, economic and legislative issues to be solved immediately and require more extensive international cooperation.