论文部分内容阅读
一、人类染色体的研究简史 自1873年Schneider发观分裂细胞中存在细绳状结构,1880年WaIdayer将此结构定名为染色体(Chromosome)以来,人类研究染色体的历史算来已有100多年。已有的研究证明,染色体是遗传物质(基因)的载体,所以,它在决定各种生物包括人类的遗传和变异上具有重要作用。与各种生物都具有不同的遗传性相关,每种生物的染色体数目、形态各不相同,而且是恒定的。每种生物的染色体数目、形态具有恒定的特点,使每种生物的遗传性都能具有相对的稳定性。所以,它是种的标志。例如,人的染色体数为46条,马蛔虫4条,蛙24条,小鼠40条,鸡78条,牛60条,马64条,驴62条,骡63条等。
A brief history of human chromosome research Since Schneider in 1873, the existence of hairpin cells in the mitotic structure, 1880 WaIdayer named the structure of this chromosome (Chromosome) since the history of human chromosomes have been counted for more than 100 years. Previous studies have shown that chromosomes are the carriers of genetic material (gene), therefore, it plays an important role in determining the genetic and variation of various organisms, including human beings. With a variety of organisms have different genetic related to the number of each organism chromosomes, morphologies vary, and is constant. The number of each organism chromosomes, morphological characteristics of a constant, so that each of the biological heredity can have a relatively stable. So, it’s kind of sign. For example, there are 46 human chromosomes, 4 horse worms, 24 frogs, 40 mice, 78 chickens, 60 cattle, 64 horses, 62 donkeys and 63 mules.