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在中国乡村做田野研究的境内外学者鲜有人系统阐述过基于诸多差异的多重权力关系如何影响其田野经历和文本写作。但基于村落田野调查的这项研究表明,民族志研究的全程——从选点、进入调查地到田野作业乃至报告撰述——都充溢着繁复而微妙的权力关系和政治敏感性。除了正规的政治性权力,笔者的性别、年龄、城市中产阶级知识分子等权力范畴在研究场域中对于形塑研究者局内人—局外人身份上起着很大的作用并对研究项目产生很大影响。研究表明,知识生产实践中的权力格局并非凝固化静止不动的,它们深嵌在笔者与县乡村干部、县乡干部与村干部以及笔者与普通村民之间不对称的权力互动之中。经由调查者和被调查者权力的双重过滤,民族志研究的凝视不可能是价值中立和没有盲点的。深入观察和回应田野作业中凸现或隐伏的多重权力关系,因而也应成为解读调查过程和乡村社会的一个关键因素。
Few domestic and foreign scholars who do field research in rural China systematically illustrate how multiple power relationships based on many differences affect their field experiences and text writing. However, this study, based on village field surveys, shows that ethnographic research - from the point of selection, access to fieldwork to fieldwork and even report writing - is full of complex and subtle power relations and political sensitivities. In addition to the formal political power, the author’s gender, age, urban middle class intellectuals and other areas of power play a significant role in shaping the researcher’s insider-outsider status in the research field and have a great impact on the research project . The research shows that the power patterns in the practice of knowledge production are not static and immobile. They are deeply embedded in the asymmetrical power interaction between the author and county and village cadres, county and township cadres and village cadres, as well as between the author and ordinary villagers. Through double filtering of the power of investigators and respondents, ethnographic research can not be gazes of value neutrality and blind spot. In-depth observation and response to the multiple power relationships highlighted or hidden in field operations should also be a key factor in the process of interpretation and rural society.