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目的:对比观察β受体阻滞剂卡维地洛、普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔对动脉粥样硬化家兔血管内皮舒张功能的影响。方法:30只雄兔随机分为高脂组、高脂加卡维地洛组(10mg.kg-1.d-1)、高脂加普萘洛尔组(10mg.kg-1.d-1)、高脂加阿替洛尔组(20mg.kg-1.d-1)和正常对照组。前4组给予相应处理1周后,行腹主动脉球囊损伤术,并继续相应处理10周;正常对照组给予假手术及正常饮食。干预结束时,测定血脂及一氧化氮(NO)水平,取动脉组织检测血管内皮依赖舒张功能、内皮源性NO释放量。结果:与正常对照组相比,高脂组血TC、TG、NO水平均明显升高,而内皮源性NO释放量均明显降低(均P<0.01)。与高脂组相比,3种β受体阻滞剂在所用剂量内均未对血脂产生显著性影响。卡维地洛明显升高内皮源性NO释放量1.6倍(P<0.05),而普萘洛尔与阿替洛尔均未对上述指标产生明显影响。与正常对照组相比,高脂组家兔血管内皮依赖舒张功能明显减弱(P<0.01),所用干预药物中,只有卡维地洛明显改善高脂家兔内皮依赖舒张功能(P<0.05)。结论:与普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔相比,卡维地洛更能增强内皮源性NO活性,改善NO介导血管内皮依赖舒张功能。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of beta-blockers carvedilol, propranolol and atenolol on vascular endothelial relaxation in atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods: Thirty male rabbits were randomly divided into high fat group, high fat plus carvedilol group (10 mg.kg-1.d-1), high fat plus propranolol group (10 mg.kg-1.d-1 ), High fat and atenolol group (20mg.kg-1.d-1) and normal control group. The first four groups were treated for 1 week, abdominal aortic balloon injury surgery and continue to be treated for 10 weeks; the normal control group given sham operation and normal diet. At the end of intervention, blood lipids and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. Arterial tissue samples were taken for endothelium-dependent relaxation and endothelium-derived NO release. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the levels of TC, TG and NO in hyperlipidemia group were significantly increased, while the NO level in endothelium was significantly decreased (all P <0.01). Compared with the high-fat group, the three kinds of β-blockers did not have a significant effect on blood lipids at the doses used. Carvedilol significantly increased endothelium-derived NO release by 1.6-fold (P <0.05), while propranolol and atenolol did not significantly affect these parameters. Compared with the normal control group, the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of rabbits in high fat diet group was significantly weakened (P <0.01). Only carvedilol significantly improved the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hyperlipidemic rabbits (P <0.05) . CONCLUSION: Compared with propranolol and atenolol, carvedilol can enhance endothelium-derived NO activity and improve NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation.