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把秦至清之间的政治体制称为“专制政治”是民国至今许多知识精英认识和分析中国古代政治形态的重要观念,是历史研究中重要的理论分析工具。民国成立后,该观念作为合法、权威历史知识嵌入到历史教科书的文本中,并被广泛学习与传播,逐渐成为普通大众认知、分析中国古代历史的基本视角和不证自明的知识预设。这种自民国以来建构的观念,不但深深影响了民国民众对中国古代政治体制的认识,也影响了时下国人对中国历史的正确评价和理性反思。
To call the “political autocracy” between Qin and Qing dynasties is an important concept that many intellectual elites recognize and analyze ancient Chinese political forms since the Republic of China so far. It is an important theoretical analysis tool in historical research. After the founding of the Republic of China, this notion was embedded into the text of history textbooks as a legal and authoritative historical knowledge and was widely studied and disseminated. It gradually became the general public’s cognition, the basic perspective of analyzing ancient Chinese history, and the self-evident knowledge presupposition. This notion of construction since the Republic of China not only deeply influenced people’s understanding of the ancient Chinese political system but also affected people’s correct evaluation and rational reflection on Chinese history.