基督教的异端运动,在基督教神权统治下的欧洲中世纪社会里是屡见不鲜的。几乎一切有害于封建教会和不利于封建国家的政治斗争和思想文化运动,都被加上“异端”的罪名而受到教会封建势力的镇压和迫害。在中世纪早期,被斥为异端者,往往是教会中致力于改革的神职人员。随着基督教在欧洲政治、经济、文化各方面成为正统和秩序的象征,所谓“异端”也日益跳出教义争端的“学术”范围,成为民间广泛流行的群众组织形式,或成为封建主用以进行政治斗争的工具。其反教会、反僧侣色彩也日益鲜明。与此同时,教会对“异端”的排斥和迫害也变本加厉,以至于那些在从事科学研究中触及了神学“禁区”的自然科学家、哲学家、思想家也往往被打成“异端”而遭受灭顶之灾。 The heresy of Christianity is not uncommon in the medieval European society under the Christian theocracy. Almost everything that is harmful to the feudal churches and the political struggles and ideological and cultural movements that are detrimental to the feudal nation has been repudiated and persecuted by the feudal forces of the church by adding “heterodox” charges. In the early Middle Ages, being denounced as heretics was often the clergyman in the church dedicated to reform. As Christianity became a symbol of orthodoxy and order in all political, economic and cultural aspects of Europe, so-called “heresy” is also increasingly jumping out of the “academic” scope of doctrinal disputes and becoming a form of mass organization popularized by the public or becoming the dominant feudal political power The tool of struggle. Its anti-church, anti-monk color is also increasingly clear. At the same time, the church’s exclusion and persecution of “heresy” has also intensified so that natural scientists, philosophers and thinkers who have touched the “exclusion zone” of theology in conducting scientific research are often extinct disaster.