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目的:探讨甲醛对医院病理科医师健康的影响。方法:对2010年3月~2015年3月期间在我州11家医院工作的共74名工作人员的健康资料进行回顾性研究。将其中在病理科工作中接触甲醛的37名医师作为接触组,将其中未接触甲醛的37名工作人员作为对照组。测定工作环境中的甲醛浓度,并观察两组研究对象的健康状况及嗅觉功能。结果:工作环境中甲醛的平均浓度为(1.60±1.10)mg/m3。在接触组中接触甲醛浓度≥2.0 mg/m3的研究对象其各项刺激反应的发生率明显高于其他研究对象。接触组研究对象慢性咽喉炎、过敏性鼻炎的发病率均明显高于对照组研究对象,组间相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组研究对象的嗅觉阙相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但接触组研究对象的嗅觉敏感度明显低于对照组研究对象,组间相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:医院病理科医师接触甲醛后,可出现呼吸道刺激反应,增加了其上呼吸道疾病的发病率,降低了其嗅觉的敏感度。因此,医院的病理科应采取有效的措施控制其工作环境中的甲醛浓度。
Objective: To investigate the effect of formaldehyde on the health of hospital pathologists. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the health status of a total of 74 workers working in 11 hospitals in our state from March 2010 to March 2015. Thirty-seven physicians, who contacted with formaldehyde in the pathology work, were taken as the contact group, and 37 workers without formaldehyde exposure were used as the control group. The concentration of formaldehyde in the working environment was measured, and the health status and olfactory function of the two groups were observed. Results: The average concentration of formaldehyde in working environment was (1.60 ± 1.10) mg / m3. In the exposure group, the incidence of various stimuli was significantly higher in the subjects exposed to the formaldehyde concentration ≥2.0 mg / m3 than other subjects. The incidence of chronic pharyngitis and allergic rhinitis in the contact group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the sense of smell between the two groups (P> 0.05), but the sensitivity of the study group to contact was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05) ). Conclusion: Hospital pathologists exposed to formaldehyde, respiratory irritation may occur, increasing the incidence of upper respiratory tract diseases and reduce their sensitivity to smell. Therefore, hospital pathology should take effective measures to control the concentration of formaldehyde in their work environment.