目的探讨精神疾病司法鉴定结论的法律属性与地位。方法对精神病人恤刑制度的历史发展、精神疾病司法鉴定的法律依据、法定程序、鉴定机构及鉴定人的法定性等几个方面进行分析论证。结果对精神病人的恤刑制度是一种人道主义的保护,刑事责任能力鉴定较20世纪80年代已趋于严格。结论鉴定结论符合证据学的一般特征。 Objective To explore the legal attributes and status of judicial identification of mental illness. Methods The analysis of the historical development of the system of criminal patients with mental illness, the legal basis of forensic appraisal of mental illness, statutory procedures, the appraisal agency and the statutory nature of expert appraisers. The result is a humanitarian protection for the mentally retarded system and the identification of criminal responsibility has become more stringent than in the 1980s. Conclusions The conclusion of the appraisal accords with the general characteristics of evidence.