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本文在认知语言学的理论框架内,运用Talmy的图形——背景理论,Lakoff的图式理论以及动词概念化理论,从结构、认知图式及方向三个方面探讨了英汉存在句的个性和共性。结构上,英语存在句只有一种TtFG结构,而汉语存在句有GtF与FtG两种结构;从认知图式的角度看,英语存在句体现的是容器图式;而汉语GtF结构的存在句体现的是容器图式,FtG结构的存在句体现的是起源——路径——目标图式;就方向而言,英语存在句只有右向,而汉语存在句左右皆可:GtF结构的存在句为右向,FtG结构的存在句为左向。
In the framework of cognitive linguistics, this thesis uses Talmy’s theory of graph-background, Lakoff’s schema theory and verb conceptualization to explore the relationship between the personality of English-Chinese existential sentences Common. Structurally, there is only one TtFG structure in English existential sentences, and GtF and FtG in Chinese existential structures. From the cognitive schemata perspective, the English existential structures represent container schemas; while the existential sentences of GtF structure in Chinese Embodied in the container schema, the existential sentence of FtG structure is the origin - path - target schema; in terms of direction, the English existential sentence has only the right direction, but the Chinese existential sentence can be around: the existential sentence of GtF structure Is the right direction, the existence of the FtG structure is left.