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人群受到的天然辐射来自宇宙射线、地球辐射、膳食和建筑材料中天然放射性核素的辐射。建筑物对人群的照射水平取决于建材中放射性核素的含置。近年来,随着住宅建设的发展,建筑材料的需求量日益增长,建筑业广泛采用粉煤灰、磷石膏等工业废渣和副产品作为建筑材料。这些材料与传统材料相比,天然放射性核素的含量明显高,人群受照剂量升高。为了保护居民的健康,防止过量照射,有必要测定和控制建材中天然放射性。最近,我们为上海水泥厂等单位提供的建材样品作了放射性核素比活度测定,并计算了它们的当量镭比活度,为建材的使用和卫生学评价提供了科学依据。
The natural radiation the population receives comes from the radiation of natural radionuclides in cosmic rays, earth radiation, diet and building materials. The level of exposure of a building to a population depends on the radionuclide content of the building materials. In recent years, with the development of residential construction, the demand for building materials is growing day by day. Construction industry widely uses industrial wastes and by-products such as fly ash and phosphogypsum as construction materials. Compared with traditional materials, these materials have a significantly higher content of natural radionuclides and a higher dose of radiation in the population. In order to protect the health of residents, to prevent excessive exposure, it is necessary to measure and control natural radioactivity in building materials. Recently, we measured the specific activity of radionuclides for building materials samples provided by Shanghai Cement Plant and other units, and calculated their equivalent radium specific activity, which provided a scientific basis for the use of building materials and hygienic evaluation.