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以太湖地区水稻土长期肥料试验田为研究对象,采用低能量超声波物理分散法分离土壤团聚体,研究长期不同施肥处理下(化肥与秸秆配施、化肥与猪粪配施、单施化肥和不施肥)耕层土壤团聚体酶活性的变化.结果表明:供试土壤中200～2000μm和2～20μm粒组的团聚体占总土壤的60%～70%;施肥显著促进了200～2000μm团聚体的形成.各种酶活性在不同团聚体中的变化存在差异,脲酶和蔗糖酶在<2μm的粘粒组中活性最高,纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶则以200～2000μm粗砂粒中活性最高.肥料的施用特别是化肥与有机肥的配合施用显著提高了200～2000μm粒组中蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶和FDA水解酶的活性.以5种酶活性的几何平均数(GMea)作为酶的综合活性指标,发现施肥处理下200～2000μm粒组中GMea显著高于其他粒组,可见大团聚体中土壤的酶活性对施肥措施响应敏感.有机和无机肥长期配合施用可以通过促进土壤团聚体的聚合和提高较大团聚体中酶活性来提高土壤整体的生物活性功能.
Taking the experimental paddy soil long-term fertilizers in Taihu Lake as the research object, low energy ultrasonic dispersion method was used to separate soil aggregates. The effects of long-term fertilization and fertilizer application ) Showed that the aggregates in 200 ~ 2000μm and 2 ~ 20μm groups accounted for 60% ~ 70% of the total soil in the test soil, and the fertilization significantly promoted the aggregation of 200 ~ 2000μm aggregates The results showed that there were differences in the activities of various enzymes in different aggregates. Urease and sucrase had the highest activity in the cosmids with the size of <2μm, while cellulase, polyphenol oxidase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolyzed Enzyme activity was the highest in 200 ~ 2000μm coarse sand.The application of fertilizers, especially the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, significantly increased the activities of sucrase, urease, cellulase and FDA hydrolase in 200 ~ The geometric mean of enzyme activity (GMea) as an index of comprehensive activity of enzyme showed that GMea in 200 ~ 2000μm fertilization group was significantly higher than that in other granulation groups, indicating that soil enzyme activity of large aggregates responded to fertilization measures The long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can enhance the overall biological activity of soils by promoting the aggregation of soil aggregates and increasing the enzyme activity in larger aggregates.