在美国对50个州52个卫生所用调查表进行调查。调查表集中三项内容:新生儿鉴定(出生证明、打脚印、绑手镯),预防性护理(预防眼炎、脐带护理包括结扎及防局部感染、维生素K的使用)和对新生儿的评价(Apgar评分,代谢病和其他病的筛查)。有19个州规定要在医院接受新生儿鉴定,4个州要求绑手镯,只纽约要求打脚印。52个卫生所都要求出生证明,49个卫生所按规定做了淋菌眼炎的局部预防措施,有42个卫生所允许用红霉素或四环素代替硝酸银。在阿拉斯加和马里兰州,对肠道外已用抗生素的新生儿即放弃眼的局部护理措施。预防措施距出生时间,由即刻到三小时。有8个州汇报了脐带结扎情况,有5个州规定必须结扎脐带。有5个卫生所注射维生素K预防新生儿出血症,只有一个州允许口服维 A survey of 52 health surveys in 50 states was conducted in the United States. The survey focused on three topics: newborn identification (birth certificate, footprints, tied bracelets), preventative care (prevention of ophthalmia, umbilical cord care including ligation and prevention of local infection, use of vitamin K), and assessment of newborns Apgar scores, metabolic and other disease screening). Nineteen states require neonatal identification at hospitals, four states require tie bracelets, and only New York requires footprints. All 52 clinics require a birth certificate, 49 clinics have prescribed local gingivitis prophylaxis, and 42 clinics have the option of using erythromycin or tetracycline instead of silver nitrate. In Alaska and Maryland, local care is given to infants who have been given parenteral antibiotics. Preventive measures from birth time, from immediately to three hours. Eight states reported umbilical cord ligation, and five states required the umbilical cord to be ligated. There are five clinics that inject vitamin K to prevent neonatal hemorrhagic disease, and only one state allows oral maintenance