近代中西文化汇流与冲突的巨潮,激起了人们从新的角度对传统文化重加考察和评估的热情。问题的关键在于作出怎样的价值判断。近代错综复杂的阶级关系和各不相同的利益,决定了思想家们的答案也大相径庭:顽固势力的泥古不化,改良分子的借古喻今,革命党人的合理肯定,激进民主派的彻底批判。对传统文化的真实态度成为一面镜子,折射出人们在社会大变革时期的复杂心态。 The huge tide of confluence and conflict in modern China and West aroused people’s enthusiasm for reconstructing and evaluating traditional culture from a new perspective. The crux of the problem lies in what kind of value judgment to make. The intricacies of modern class relations and their different interests determine that the answer of thinkers is also very different: that of the die-hards is not the essence of the ancient times; that the improved elements borrow the ancient metaphysics; the reasonable affirmation of the revolutionaries; and the radical criticism of the radical democrats. The true attitude to traditional culture has become a mirror that reflects the complex mentality of people in times of great social change.