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本文的目的是:(1)讨论当存在产业内贸易时,三个通常用来衡量比较优势和竞争力的指标之间的关系;(2)检验20世纪90年代以来,东亚几个经济体中制造业活动的转移和重组。结果显示,制造业活动已经从日本、韩国和台湾地区转移到了中国。对于低技术劳动密集的产业(例如,SITC82,83,84和85),这种转移是基于比较优势,而产生了产业间贸易。然而,对于更复杂的技术密集产品(例如:SITC72和SITC87),生产过程已被分成很多模块,并在不同的国家进行生产。这种制造方式的重组是基于规模经济效应,而产生了产业内贸易。
The purpose of this paper is to (1) discuss the relationship between the three indicators commonly used to measure comparative advantage and competitiveness when there is intra-industry trade, and (2) test the relationship between the three economies in East Asia since the 1990s The transfer and reorganization of manufacturing activities. The results show that manufacturing activity has shifted from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan to China. For low-skilled and labor-intensive industries (for example, SITC 82, 83, 84 and 85), this shift is based on comparative advantages and creates inter-industry trade. However, for more complex, technology-intensive products (eg SITC72 and SITC87), the production process has been divided into many modules and manufactured in different countries. The reorganization of this manufacturing method is based on economies of scale, which has resulted in intra-industry trade.