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确定《核安全法》的调整范围是构建具体核安全制度的重要前提。对有核武器的国家,立法应先明确是否调整涉军的核能利用行为。而考虑到外部恶意行为尤其是核恐怖主义行为的威胁,立法还应考虑是否在《核安全法》中对该问题进行回应。此外,由于“核安全”的对象范围具有模糊性,立法应明确《核安全法》是广义上的核安全法还是狭义上的核安全法,而对该问题的回答还需分析《核安全法》和相关法律的关系。国际和各国(地区)立法经验表明,《核安全法》在调整范围的不同层面上有多种模式可供参考。我国《核安全法(草案)》的修改需进一步厘清军民关系,突出核安保的目的,理顺逻辑思路,完善条文表述,并从核法体系建构的视角明确《核安全法》的功能定位。
Determining the scope of the “Nuclear Safety Law” adjustment is an important prerequisite for building a concrete nuclear safety system. For countries with nuclear weapons, the legislation should first make clear whether or not to adjust the use of nuclear energy by military forces. Taking into account the threat of external malicious acts, especially nuclear terrorism, the legislation should also consider whether this issue should be answered in the Nuclear Security Act. In addition, due to the ambiguity of the scope of the object of “nuclear safety”, the legislation should clarify whether the “law on nuclear safety” is a nuclear safety law in a broad sense or a nuclear safety law in a narrow sense. The answer to this question needs to be analyzed as “nuclear Security Law ”and related laws. The international and national legislative experience shows that there are many models for the Nuclear Safety Law at different levels of adjustment. The revision of China’s “Nuclear Safety Law (Draft)” needs to further clarify the relationship between the military and the people, highlight the purpose of nuclear security, straighten out the logic of logic, improve the formulation of the provisions and clarify the functional orientation of the “Nuclear Security Law” from the perspective of the construction of the nuclear law system.