近年来,压力容器破坏事故的分析表明,破坏主要是由于裂纹和裂纹的扩展引起的。所以,在压力容器技术中,逐渐引入了两个新的概念:“无张开设计原则”和“合于使用原则”。“无张开设计原则”是采用机械方法、使受内压容器的壳体,始终保持压应力状态,则即使有裂纹类缺陷存在,也不致于使其扩展而造成容器破坏。“合于使用原则”是利用断裂力学的基本原理,对压力容器可能存在的缺陷进行分析计算。本文作者是从事压力容器设计工作的。前几年在英国设菲尔德大学机械系进修期间,对断裂力学在压力容器设计中的应用,做过一些研究工作。回国后又与从事这方面工作的专家、学者,进行过一些研讨。现把有关内容经本人整理成文,逐渐在本刊上发表,以便与从事压力容器设计、研究、制造、检验的同事们广泛开展讨论。全文准备分成三个部分: 一、“合于使用原则”的概念及其应用——兼谈对我国压力容器技术发展的几点看法; 二、“合于使用原则”在压力容器技术中的应用——几种方法和规范的分析比较; 三、对应用“合于使用原则”进行压力容器设计可能采用的几种方法进行一些探讨。本期刊登的是第一部分。断裂力学的迅速兴起和发展,为压力容器的疲劳和断裂分析,提供了理论基础;而“合于使用原则”又为断裂力学的基本理论应用于压力容器技术,提出了一些具体的方法。随着生产的发展,对这一专门学科的应用会越来越广泛,而实践经验的积累,将会促进它的进一步发展。本刊将对这方面的有意义进展,给予及时的报导,以便从事压力容器设计、研究、制造、检验的广大工程技术人员,互通情报、相互讨论,为促进化工设备设计工作的繁荣发展,作出共同努力! In recent years, the analysis of pressure vessel damage accidents shows that the damage is mainly caused by the expansion of cracks and cracks. So, pressure vessel technology, has gradually introduced two new concepts: “no open design principles” and “fit with the use of principles.” “No open design principle” is the use of mechanical methods, so that by the pressure vessel shell, always maintain a state of compressive stress, even if there is a crack-like defects, it will not be extended to cause damage to the container. “The principle of fit” is the use of the basic principles of fracture mechanics, the possible existence of defects in the pressure vessel analysis and calculation. The author of this paper is engaged in pressure vessel design work. A few years ago at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom mechanical system during the training, the fracture mechanics in the design of pressure vessels, made some research work. After returning home, I also conducted some discussions with experts and scholars engaged in this field. The content is now organized by me and gradually published in this publication in order to engage in pressure vessel design, research, manufacture, test colleagues widely discussed. The full text is divided into three parts: First, the concept of “using the principle of using” and its application - with some views on the development of pressure vessel technology in China; Second, “the principle of co-operation” in pressure vessel technology - Several methods and specifications of the analysis and comparison; Third, the application of “principles of use” of the pressure vessel design may use several methods for some discussion. This issue is the first part. The rapid rise and development of fracture mechanics provides the theoretical basis for the analysis of fatigue and fracture of pressure vessels. The principle of coincidence and utilization is also applied to pressure vessel technology for the basic theory of fracture mechanics, and some concrete methods are put forward. With the development of production, the application of this special subject will be more and more extensive, and the accumulation of practical experience will promote its further development. The journal will give timely reports on meaningful progress in this regard so that the vast number of engineers and technicians engaged in the design, research, manufacture and test of pressure vessels can exchange information and discuss with each other. In order to promote the prosperity and development of the design of chemical equipment, Work together!